Renardine, a bone oil formulation, has been in continuous use since 1896

In fact Renardine is not just a cat deterrent - it's also to repel dogs, foxes, rabbits, moles and badgers. Renardine contains around 30% bone oil

Although Renardine can be applied directly onto the earth without contamination, this is not usually recommended as most of the product drains away and proves to be wasteful and expensive.

Instead it is better to use Renardine applied to small sticks, or mixed in with sand, or even soaked on to old used tea bags, bits of carpet, or cut-up old tennis balls! Here are some application techniques:

• Small sticks or twigs soaked in Renardine may be stood into the ground around lawns and borders closely to form a decorative fence
• Renardine can be mixed with sand and then spread on to paths and gravel drives. Alternatively the mixture can be put into small trays which are then placed around the areas you need to protect. A large area could be protected by placing the mixture into old open-topped guttering that you then lay out as a "firewall"
• To stop cats coming in through a hedge, try threading a string through the hedge that has Renardine soaked tea bags or rags attached every few inches
• If you have freshly dug open areas try putting tea bags impregnated with Renardine under the surface of the soil which will allow the smell to be released without spoiling the look of your garden
• To stop cats climbing over your wall or fence, suspend a length of string about 6-9" above the fence and hang impregnated rags or used tea bags every few inches or so

Renardine will stain (rather like creosote) and has quite a strong smell! So never apply to foliage, and it's best to wear gloves and old clothes when working with Renardine.